Durch die Energiekrise ist das Interesse an Investitionen für Agrarspritinvestitionen in vielen afrikansichen Ländern sprunghaft gestiegen. Das Ausmaß von realisierten und geplanten Investitionen soll illustriert werden durch Beispiele aus einigen Ländern, die besonders betroffen sind.
ÄTHIOPIEN
Unternehmen / Land
Region
Landfläche in Hektar
Angebaute Pflanzen
Quelle / Kommentar
Sun Biofuels Eth/NBC
Benshangul
80,000
Jatropha
Amabasel Jatroph Project
Benshangul
20,000
Jatropha
Jatropha Biofuels Agro Industry
Benshangul
100,000
Jatropha
IDC Investment
Benshangul
15,000
Jatropha
ORDA
Amahara
884
Jatropha
Jemal Ibrahim
Amahara
7.8
Rizinus
BDFC Ethiopia Industry
Amahara
18,000 - (30.000)
Zuckerrohr/ Zuckerrüben
A Belgium Company
Amahara
2.5
Rizinus
Flora Eco Power Ethiopia
Oromia
10,000 - (5,000)
Rizinus
Petro Palm Corporation
Ethiopia
Oromia
50,000
Rizinus / Jatropha
VATIC International Business
Oromia
20,000
Global Energy Ethiopia
SNNPR
2,700 - (7,500)
Rizinus
Omo Sheleko Agro Industry
SNNPR
5,500
Palmöl
Sun Biofuels Eth/NBC
SNNPR
5,000
Jatropha
327,094- (42,500)
Quelle: Melca Mahiber: Rapid Assessment of Biofuels Development Status in Ethiopia September 2008
Klammern: Verträge mit lokalen Bauern
GHANA
Region
Hectares/Factory
Company
Origin
Nationwide
Aims
at 1 Mio.
Anuanom
Industrial Bioproducts Ltd
Ghana
in cooperation with government
Sahel
Region
Large
scale plantations with
biodiesel factory
A1
Biofuels / Sahel Biofuels development Company
Canada
Not
indicated
27,000
Private
investors
Co-operation
Ghana / Brazil
White Volta River Basin
(Alipe)
38,000
(stopped
after protests)
Biofuels
Africa
Norway
Summary
·The government has a
policy of promoting agrofuels, but without much public debate.
·Several companies have
started jatropha plantations. A factory for the production of bio-diesel is
being planned.
·Brazil is cooperating in
a project to produce ethanol from sugar cane.
·There has been resistance
from local communities against agrofuel investments in some areas.
KENYA
Region
Hectares/Factory
Company
Origin
Eastern Rift Valley, Coast, Nyanza
12,000 to be extended to 40,000
Biwako
Bio-Laboratory / Green Africa Foundation
Japan
Not indicated
93,000
Bioenergy
International
Switzerland
Kisumu
Production of ethanol from molasses
Energem
Resources
Britain / Canada
Homa Bay
production of ethanol
HG
Consulting
Belgium
Summary
·The
government is preparing legislation
·Several foreign investors have started jatropha
plantations to produce bio-diesel.
·Molasses,
a by-product of sugar, are to be used as raw material in the production of
ethanol.
·Through emission
reduction certificates for carbon dioxide, investors hope to get a direct
financial bonus.
SÜDAFRIKA
Region
Hectares/factory
Company
Origin
North-West Province
38,000
Agro
Forest Bio Energy Association (Afbea)
South Africa
Eastern Cape / Uzimvubu Valley
70,000
Eastern
Cape Development Corporation
South Africa
Durban
Refinery
Emerald
Oil International (Pty) Ltd
South Africa
Durban
Refinery
D1
Oils
Great Britain
Eastern Cape / Coega
Rainbow
Nation Renewable Fuels (RNRF) - National Biofuels Group
South Africa /
Australia
North West Region
150,000
D1
Oils
Great Britain
Summary
·South Africa has
established a biofuel strategy and an interdepartmental task team.
·The initially ambitious
blending target of 10% of agrofuels had to be abandoned as it threatened to
compromise food security and export obligations.
·A moratorium on planting
jatropha was revoked in 2007.
·Provincial governments
want to give investors “unused” lands which are important sources of
livelihood for the local population.
·NGO networks are
concerned that South Africa could become the entry point for genetically
modified seeds.
·The first ethanol factory
started operating in 2007. Plans to build more ran into difficulties.
TANSANIA
Region
Hectares
Company
Origin
Mpanda
10.000
Prokon
Germany
Lindi
18.000
Sunfuels
Great Britain
D1 oils
Great Britain
Various areas
100.000 (exploration)
US-UK-Malaysian group
Hanendi
Targeted for jatropha plantation
Diligent Energy Systems
Netherlands
Wami Basin
400.000 (planned)
Sweden
Kigoma
6.000
Felisa (NGO)
Kigoma
8.000
Investors
Malaysia, Indonesia
Ruipa, Usangu Plain, Ikongo, Malagarasi, Kilosa, Babati and Hananga
Regions targeted for sugar cane
plantations
Engaruka, Babati, Chalinze, Pangani,
Singida
Collection points for jatropha
Diligent Energy Systems
Netherlands
Summary
·Tanzania has set up a task force to
promote agrofuels, but has no policy yet. Blending targets for petrol and
diesel are envisaged. Sugar cane production is to double.
·The aim of the government is to replace
costly oil imports, but most investments are meant for exports.
·Tanzania is in need of food aid. Present
agrofuel policies are likely to endanger food security and increase hunger.
UGANDA
Region
Hectares
Company
Origin
Mabira Forest
7.100
Sugar Company of Uganda Ltd (SCOUL)
East Africa
Kalangala and Bugala Islands
6.000
BIDCO company
Summary
·There is no legislation
on agrofuels in place, but government is supporting various local and foreign
initiatives. They vary from schemes to improve local energy supply to large-scale
foreign investments for export.
·By encouraging a
favourable climate to agrofuels, foreign companies focused on export are
likely to take over the direction of biofuel production. The majority of
Ugandans are likely to continue to face energy supply problems – with
additional food insecurity
·Public protest has
stopped projects to turn parts of the Mabira forest into a sugar cane
plantation and to cut down tropical forests on two islands in Lake Victoria.
SAMBIA
Region
Hectares
Company
Origin
Chongwe district
45.000
D1 Oils
Great Britain
Kasama
15.000
D1 Oils
Great Britain
Solowezi
600
D1 Oils
Great Britain
Eastern province
Many small projects with outgrowers
D1 Oils
Great Britain
Luapula, Northern, Eastern, southern,
Lusaka, Central and Copperbelt provinces
8.500
Marli Investments
Lusaka
biodiesel factory
Oval Biofuels
Australia
National targets for 2015
184,420
Summary
·Government has indicated its support and endorsement for the
production of biofuels, but has yet to develop policy and legislations for
the industry.
·The Lands Act of 1995, provides for the conversion of customary tenure
to leasehold tenure, and many investors have already used this provision to
expropriate land for investment purposes.
·Biofuel production will ultimately be targeted at export markets, and
fail to benefit Zambians.
·Many of the projects are being undertaken on an out-grower basis
whereby the company provides the seedlings and everything needed. Farmers
become dependent on the company which determines the prices for products and
services.
·Biofuel developments will accelerate deforestation.
